Dice Calculations

Die notes
dA regular 6 sided die
d10Numbered starting at zero. Has faces 0 to 9
d10by10Has faces 0, 10, 20, etc. up to 90
dDoublingA backgammon doubling cube. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 sides.
dFA six sided die with faces marked -, blank and +, for -1, 0, and 1.

I need to be organized and consistent in how I write down dice. A die with six sides, numbered one to six, will be called a d6. Likewise a die with eight sides numbered one to eight will be a d8, or with thirty-six sides a d36. There is one exception, I have become accustomed to calling a die with sides numbered zero through nine a d10, which is a wart upon my method. There are other die so common I have given them special symbols, just d for a six sided die, dDoubling for a backgammon doubling cube, dF for a fudge die, and d10by10 for a ten sided die numbered in tens.

Every once in a while I run into strange or unworldly die that aren't worth a name of their own, like a die numbered one to ten by threes, or strange cubes labeled with body parts used for dangerous or unwholesome "games". These I record by simply listing their sides, seperated by commas, like this: a(1,4,7,10) or a(head,chest,stomach,legs,right arm,left arm). Die that cover a range of numbers are easier to list by their range, like a die numbered negative five to five I record as r(-5,5). A die numbered seven to forty-nine by sevens I'll record as r(7,49,7).

It is very common to roll many identical die and total or combine their faces. I write the sum of three six sided dice as 3d6, or the sum of eight fudge dice as 8dF. I'll also use this to record multiple die named with some other scheme, such as 5r(-5,5) or 2a(mouth,head,torso,groin,hand,foot).
Opperators
+, -, * or x or X, /regular arithmetic
m and Mminimum and maximum, respectively
%modular arithmetic
<, >, =comparisons - yield 0 for false and 1 for true.
|, &or and and, like above
,collect a set of items

There are more ways to combine die than simply rolling many of the same type. For example one can roll a d6 and a d10 and total the result, which I write as d6 + d10, or roll two d6 and halve the result, which I'll record as 2d6 / 2. I'll mark an eight sided die plus two four sided die minus eight as d8 + 2d4 - 8. The minimum roll of a d8 a d10 and a d12 I'll write as d8 m d10 m d12. I once saw a raunchy game with two four sided dice, one labeled right arm, left arm, right leg, left leg and the other labeled square,circle,triangle,X. It was only important to know the combination of the rolls. I'd write this as a(right arm,left arm,right leg,left leg) , a(square,circle,triangle,x). If I just want to total the die in a cup I'll just list them like this: 2d6 d8 3d10. I'll write down more complicated things in the reverse polish manner, like d6 3 * d6 2 * d6 + +. That's thrice a d6 plus twice a d6 plus a d6. If anything is left over this way I'll total it, so d6 3 * d6 3 * d6 would be equivalent.

These are the cups of dice that I'm interested in (one per line):


d10

0123456789
Frequency1111111111
Probability10101010101010101010
>=100908070605040302010

3d6

3456789101112131415161718
Frequency13610152125272725211510631
Probability0.4631.392.784.636.949.7211.612.512.511.69.726.944.632.781.390.463
>=10099.598.195.490.783.874.162.55037.525.916.29.264.631.850.463

r(2,22,4)

2610141822
Frequency111111
Probability16.716.716.716.716.716.7
>=10083.366.75033.316.7

2a(red,green,blue)

blue,blueblue,greenblue,redgreen,greengreen,redred,red
Frequency122121
Probability11.122.222.211.122.211.1

d - 2

I interpreted this as (d - 2), and used that to perform the calculation.
-101234
Frequency111111
Probability16.716.716.716.716.716.7
>=10083.366.75033.316.7

a(right arm,left arm,right leg,left leg) , a(square,circle,triangle,x)

I interpreted this as (a(right arm,left arm,right leg,left leg) , a(square,circle,triangle,x)), and used that to perform the calculation.
circle,left armcircle,left legcircle,right armcircle,right legleft arm,squareleft arm,triangleleft arm,xleft leg,squareleft leg,triangleleft leg,xright arm,squareright arm,triangleright arm,xright leg,squareright leg,triangleright leg,x
Frequency1111111111111111
Probability6.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.256.25

d8 + 2d4 - 8

I interpreted this as ((d8 + 2d4) - 8), and used that to perform the calculation.
-5-4-3-2-1012345678
Frequency1361013151616151310631
Probability0.7812.344.697.8110.211.712.512.511.710.27.814.692.340.781
>=10099.296.992.284.474.262.55037.525.815.67.813.130.781

d8 M d10 M d12

I interpreted this as ((d8 M d10) M d12), and used that to perform the calculation.
123456789101112
Frequency210244470102140184144808080
Probability0.2081.042.54.587.2910.614.619.2158.338.338.33
>=10099.898.896.391.784.473.859.2402516.78.33

Cup Comparison

Each row is the probability that that cup will be greater than the cup listed in the column.
d103d6r(2,22,4)d - 2d8 + 2d4 - 8d8 M d10 M d12
d10455.8316.77572.315.6
3d690.445.441.799.698.470.1
r(2,22,4)8054.241.791.790.465.1
d - 216.70.07725.5641.744.30.868
d8 + 2d4 - 820.30.7526.7744.345.12.87
d8 M d10 M d1276.921.531.597.794.744